Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Gas Mask shopping experience:
1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Gas Mask offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Gas Mask at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.
2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about
3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Gas Mask? Wrong! If the Gas Mask is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about Gas Mask then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Gas Mask? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Gas Mask and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.
6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Gas Mask wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your Gas Mask then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Gas Mask site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about Gas Mask, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your Gas Mask, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
on a Navy member in an exercise with an M4.
MILES and a blank firing attachment are attached..
A
gas mask is a
mask worn over the face to protect the body from airborne pollutants and
toxic materials. The mask forms a sealed cover over the nose and mouth, but may also cover the eyes and other vulnerable soft tissues of the face. Some gas masks are also
respirators, though the word
gas mask is often used to refer to military equipment (e.g. Field Protective Mask, etc.)
Airborne toxic materials may be gaseous (for example the
Chlorine used in
World War I) or particulate (such as many biological warfare developed for weapons such as bacteria, viruses and toxins). Many gas masks include protection from both types.
Gas masks used in World War I were made as a result of poison gas attacks that took the Allies in the trenches on the Western Front by surprise. Early gas masks were crude as would be expected as no one had thought that poison gas would ever be used in warfare as the mere thought seemed too shocking.
Principles of construction
Unlike other breathing devices, gas masks do not require the user to carry an air supply as in the use of
scuba diving. However, this means that the wearer depends on the air in the atmosphere, the same medium of the toxic materials. Thus, the mask must remove them and relay clean air to the wearer. There are three main ways of achieving this:
filtration,
absorption and adsorption, and
reaction and exchange.
Absorption (chemistry) is the process of being drawn into a (usually larger) body, or substrate, and adsorption is the process of deposition upon a surface. This can be used to remove both particulate and gaseous hazards. Although some form of chemical reaction may take place, it is not necessary; the method may work by attractive electric charge (for example, if the target particles are positively charged, use a negatively charged substrate). Examples of substrates include activated carbon, and zeolites. This effect can be very simple and highly effective, for example using a damp cloth to cover the mouth and nose whilst escaping a fire. While this method can be effective at trapping particulates produced by combustion, it does not filter out harmful gases which may be toxic or which displace the oxygen required for survival.
Reaction and exchange
This principle relies upon the fact that substances that can do harm to humans are usually more reactive than air. This method of separation will use some form of generally reactive substance (for example an acid) coating or supported by some solid material. An example is resins. These can be created with different groups of atoms (usually called functional groups) that exhibit different properties. Thus a resin can be tailored to a particular toxic group. When the reactive substance comes in contact with the resin, it will bond to it, removing it from the air stream. It may also exchange with a less harmful substance at this site.
Though it was crude, the hypo helmet was a stopgap measure for British troops in the trenches that offered at least some protection during a gas attack. As the months passed and the use of poison gas occurred more frequently, more sophisticated masks were developed and introduced.
There are two main difficulties with gas mask design:
- The user may be exposed to many different types of toxic material. Military personnel are especially prone to being exposed to a diverse range of toxic gases. However if the mask is for a particular use (such as the protection from a specific toxic material in a factory), then the design can be much simpler and the cost lower.
- The protection will wear off over time. Filters will clog up, substrates for absorption will fill up, and reactive filters will run out of reactive substance. This means that the user only has protection for a limited time, and then they must either replace the filter device in the mask, or use a new mask.
during World War I. civilian gas mask from 1939. These masks were distributed to the population during
World War II.
History and development of the gas mask
A primitive respirator to be used by miners was introduced by Alexander von Humboldt already in 1799, when he worked as a mining engineer in Prussia.
In the early days of World War I, the Canadian Army made field expedient gas masks to protect themselves from the deadly chlorine gas used by the
German Army. They would urinate on rags and hold them to their faces.
One such design began as a "Safety Hood and Smoke Protector" invented by
African American inventor,
Garrett A. Morgan in 1912, and patented in
1914. It was a simple device, consisting of a cotton hood with two hoses which hung down to the floor, allowing the wearer to breathe the safer air found there. In addition, moist sponges were inserted at the end of the hoses in order to better filter the air. Morgan won acclaim for his device when in
1916 he, his brother, and two other volunteers used his device to rescue numerous men from the gas and smoke-filled tunnels beneath Lake Erie in the
Cleveland Waterworks.
Due to the run on raw materials during the war, businesses were in increasing competition to find alternates to any material needed for military use. In this case the cotton used in the gas masks, one such solution was the forerunner of
Kleenex, called Cellucotton.
Dr. Cluny MacPherson of
The Royal Newfoundland Regiment, while serving in Gallipoliin 1915, where he acted as an advisor on poisonous gas, used a helmet taken from a captured prisoner to fashion a canvas hood with transparent eyepieces that was treated with chlorine-absorbing chemicals. The MacPherson respirator gas mask was the first general issue gas countermeasure to be used by the British Army.
The British PH helmet was issued in 1915 and the first box respirator in 1916
But the inventor of the first effective coal gas mask was Russian scientist Nikolay Dimitrievich Zelinskiy in
World War I (in 1915) against German gas attacks. In 1916 his gas masks were accepted on arms of the countries of
Triple Entente. Zelinskiy gas mask is most popular in the world.
The British had developed and put into use the canister gas mask by the end of the war. This had a mask connected to a tin can containing the absorbent materials by a hose.
Gas masks development since has mirrored the development of chemical agents in warfare, filling the need to protect against ever more deadly threats, biological weapons, and radioactive dust in the nuclear era. However, where agents that cause harm through contact or penetration of the skin occurs, such as
blister agent or
nerve agent, a gas mask alone is not sufficient protection, and full protective clothing must be worn in addition, to protect contact from the atmosphere. For reasons of civil defense and personal protection, individuals often purchase gas masks in the belief that they prevent against the harmful effects of an attack with nuclear, biological, or chemical (NBC) agents; this is not the case, as gas masks protect only against respiratory absorption. Whilst most military gas masks are designed to be capable of protection against spectrum of NBC agents, they can be coupled with filter canisters that are proof against those agents (heavier) or just against riot control agents and smoke (lighter, and often used for training purposes); likewise there are lightweight masks solely for use in riot control agents and not for NBC situations.
Although thorough training and the availability of gas masks and other protective equipment can render the casualty-causing effects of an attack by chemical agents nullified, troops who are forced to operate in full protective gear are less efficient in completing their given tasks, tire easily, and may be affected psychologically by the threat of attack by these weapons. During the Cold War era, it was seen as inevitable that there would be a constant NBC threat on the battlefield, and thus troops needed protection in which they could remain fully functional; thus protective gear, and especially gas masks have evolved to incorporate welcomed innovations in terms of increasing user-comfort, and in compatibility with other equipment (from drinking devices to artificial respiration tubes, to communications systems etc). The gas mask has thus now arrived at a 'fourth generation' of development.
External links
- Le Masque à Gaz International historical gas mask gallery, with collection of safety and propaganda posters.
- The Invention of the Gas Mask
- What you should know about gas masks.
- How Stuff Works - Gas Masks
on a Navy member in an exercise with an M4.
MILES and a blank firing attachment are attached..
A
gas mask is a mask worn over the face to protect the body from airborne pollutants and toxic materials. The mask forms a sealed cover over the nose and mouth, but may also cover the eyes and other vulnerable soft tissues of the face. Some gas masks are also respirators, though the word
gas mask is often used to refer to military equipment (e.g. Field Protective Mask, etc.)
Airborne toxic materials may be gaseous (for example the Chlorine used in World War I) or particulate (such as many biological warfare developed for weapons such as bacteria, viruses and
toxins). Many gas masks include protection from both types.
Gas masks used in World War I were made as a result of poison gas attacks that took the Allies in the trenches on the Western Front by surprise. Early gas masks were crude as would be expected as no one had thought that poison gas would ever be used in warfare as the mere thought seemed too shocking.
Principles of construction
Unlike other breathing devices, gas masks do not require the user to carry an air supply as in the use of scuba diving. However, this means that the wearer depends on the air in the atmosphere, the same medium of the toxic materials. Thus, the mask must remove them and relay clean air to the wearer. There are three main ways of achieving this:
filtration,
absorption and adsorption, and
reaction and exchange.
Absorption (chemistry) is the process of being drawn into a (usually larger) body, or substrate, and adsorption is the process of deposition upon a surface. This can be used to remove both particulate and gaseous hazards. Although some form of
chemical reaction may take place, it is not necessary; the method may work by attractive electric charge (for example, if the target particles are positively charged, use a negatively charged substrate). Examples of substrates include activated carbon, and
zeolites. This effect can be very simple and highly effective, for example using a damp cloth to cover the mouth and nose whilst escaping a fire. While this method can be effective at trapping particulates produced by combustion, it does not filter out harmful gases which may be toxic or which displace the oxygen required for survival.
Reaction and exchange
This principle relies upon the fact that substances that can do harm to humans are usually more reactive than air. This method of separation will use some form of generally reactive substance (for example an
acid) coating or supported by some solid material. An example is resins. These can be created with different groups of
atoms (usually called functional groups) that exhibit different properties. Thus a resin can be tailored to a particular toxic group. When the reactive substance comes in contact with the resin, it will bond to it, removing it from the air stream. It may also exchange with a less harmful substance at this site.
Though it was crude, the hypo helmet was a stopgap measure for British troops in the trenches that offered at least some protection during a gas attack. As the months passed and the use of poison gas occurred more frequently, more sophisticated masks were developed and introduced.
There are two main difficulties with gas mask design:
- The user may be exposed to many different types of toxic material. Military personnel are especially prone to being exposed to a diverse range of toxic gases. However if the mask is for a particular use (such as the protection from a specific toxic material in a factory), then the design can be much simpler and the cost lower.
- The protection will wear off over time. Filters will clog up, substrates for absorption will fill up, and reactive filters will run out of reactive substance. This means that the user only has protection for a limited time, and then they must either replace the filter device in the mask, or use a new mask.
during
World War I. civilian gas mask from 1939. These masks were distributed to the population during World War II.
History and development of the gas mask
A primitive respirator to be used by miners was introduced by
Alexander von Humboldt already in
1799, when he worked as a mining engineer in Prussia.
In the early days of World War I, the Canadian Army made field expedient gas masks to protect themselves from the deadly chlorine gas used by the
German Army. They would urinate on rags and hold them to their faces.
One such design began as a "Safety Hood and Smoke Protector" invented by African American inventor,
Garrett A. Morgan in
1912, and patented in 1914. It was a simple device, consisting of a cotton hood with two hoses which hung down to the floor, allowing the wearer to breathe the safer air found there. In addition, moist sponges were inserted at the end of the hoses in order to better filter the air. Morgan won acclaim for his device when in 1916 he, his brother, and two other volunteers used his device to rescue numerous men from the gas and smoke-filled tunnels beneath Lake Erie in the
Cleveland Waterworks.
Due to the run on raw materials during the war, businesses were in increasing competition to find alternates to any material needed for military use. In this case the cotton used in the gas masks, one such solution was the forerunner of Kleenex, called Cellucotton.
Dr. Cluny MacPherson of
The Royal Newfoundland Regiment, while serving in Gallipoliin
1915, where he acted as an advisor on poisonous gas, used a helmet taken from a captured prisoner to fashion a canvas hood with transparent eyepieces that was treated with chlorine-absorbing chemicals. The MacPherson respirator gas mask was the first general issue gas countermeasure to be used by the British Army.
The British PH helmet was issued in 1915 and the first box respirator in 1916
But the inventor of the first effective coal gas mask was Russian scientist Nikolay Dimitrievich Zelinskiy in
World War I (in 1915) against German gas attacks. In 1916 his gas masks were accepted on arms of the countries of
Triple Entente. Zelinskiy gas mask is most popular in the world.
The British had developed and put into use the canister gas mask by the end of the war. This had a mask connected to a tin can containing the absorbent materials by a hose.
Gas masks development since has mirrored the development of chemical agents in warfare, filling the need to protect against ever more deadly threats, biological weapons, and radioactive dust in the nuclear era. However, where agents that cause harm through contact or penetration of the skin occurs, such as blister agent or
nerve agent, a gas mask alone is not sufficient protection, and full protective clothing must be worn in addition, to protect contact from the atmosphere. For reasons of civil defense and personal protection, individuals often purchase gas masks in the belief that they prevent against the harmful effects of an attack with nuclear, biological, or chemical (NBC) agents; this is not the case, as gas masks protect only against respiratory absorption. Whilst most military gas masks are designed to be capable of protection against spectrum of NBC agents, they can be coupled with filter canisters that are proof against those agents (heavier) or just against riot control agents and smoke (lighter, and often used for training purposes); likewise there are lightweight masks solely for use in riot control agents and not for NBC situations.
Although thorough training and the availability of gas masks and other protective equipment can render the casualty-causing effects of an attack by chemical agents nullified, troops who are forced to operate in full protective gear are less efficient in completing their given tasks, tire easily, and may be affected psychologically by the threat of attack by these weapons. During the
Cold War era, it was seen as inevitable that there would be a constant NBC threat on the battlefield, and thus troops needed protection in which they could remain fully functional; thus protective gear, and especially gas masks have evolved to incorporate welcomed innovations in terms of increasing user-comfort, and in compatibility with other equipment (from drinking devices to artificial respiration tubes, to communications systems etc). The gas mask has thus now arrived at a 'fourth generation' of development.
External links
- Le Masque à Gaz International historical gas mask gallery, with collection of safety and propaganda posters.
- The Invention of the Gas Mask
- What you should know about gas masks.
- How Stuff Works - Gas Masks
BBC News | ENGLAND | Gas mask demand jumps
Army surplus stores in one area of England say gas mask sales are rising following the terror attacks in the US. ... Army surplus stores are reporting a substantial increase in ...
gas masks and bird flu masks
Offers new Gas masks, and NBC suits and gloves. Large stock with worldwide delivery.
Gas Masks::
Gas masks were issued to all British civilians at the start of World War Two. There was a very real fear in Britain that Nazi German bombers would drop poison gas bombs. ... Gas ...
Gas masks in World War One::
Gas masks used in World War One were made as a result of poison gas attacks that took the Allies in the trenches on the Western Front by surprise. Early gas masks were crude as ...
Gas mask - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A gas mask is a mask worn over the face to protect the wearer from inhaling airborne pollutants and toxic materials. The mask forms a sealed cover over the nose and mouth, but may ...
Nude man in gas-mask at large | Metro.co.uk
Police in Massachusetts are hunting a mysterious naked man seen wondering around town wearing a gas mask.
New 'gas mask' hoodies 'intimidating' | Metro.co.uk
Anyone who feels intimidated by youths wearing hoodies should probably look away now - it's the goggle jacket.
Gas masks during the war - ww2
By September 1939 some 38 million gas masks had been given out, house to house, to families. They were never to be needed. Why were people given gas masks during the war?
Gas Masks
The British government believed that some form of poison gas would be used on the civilian population during the Second World War. It was therefore decided to issue a gas masks to ...
VINTAGE GAS MASK ORIGINAL BOX FANCY DRESS on eBay, also Gas Masks ...
Find VINTAGE GAS MASK ORIGINAL BOX FANCY DRESS in the , Gas Masks , Surplus Equipment , Militaria , Collectables category on eBay.co.uk. ...
